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FORT MYERS, Fla.- Summer is finally upon us. For our children in camps, sports and band practice, keeping hydrated and healthy can be tricky. Here to discuss with us about heat related injuries is Dr. Annette St. Pierre-Mackoul. Heat Cramps: Caused by not drinking adequate fluids Not being acclimated to local heat and humidity Poorly conditioned Usually involves the arms, abdomen or legs Involves sweating profusely Treatment: rest in cool environment, stretching, fluids ————— Heat Exhaustion: Feel weak, faint, dizzy, and nauseous May vomit and appear pale Syncope Sweat profusely, or not at all if dehydrated severely Body temperature is normal Ineffective cardiovascular and autonomic response to heat. Treatment: Cool fluids and cool environment, cool compress fans, IV if unable to drink —————— Heat Stroke: Most often seen in long-distance runners Second-most common cause of death in football players Most common when temperature >95 and humidity >50% High temperature in the body Hot and dry skin Irritability, combativeness, disorientation, unresponsiveness Tachycardia and hypotension Treatment: Ice-water soaked towels or wet sheets with fans Go to the ER —————— Prevention: Water is usually adequate 0.5 Liters of fluid per hour of exercise Thirst is not a reliable indicator of hydration Do not use salt tablets